Types of Home Heating Systems (2024 Guide)

Mar. 07, 2024

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Types of Home Heating Systems (2024 Guide)

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By Brenda Woods

All heating systems can keep your home at a comfortable temperature, but homeowners have several options to choose from. How do you choose the right type of heating system for your home? Each has advantages and limitations, and some may be better for certain homes and regions than others. This article compares seven common home heating systems to help you determine the best one for your home.

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HVAC Installation

Installation costs for common air conditioning units range from $500–$2,500.

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HVAC Repair

Depending on the repair, the typical cost ranges from $100–$2,000.

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Furnace Installation

Installing an electric furnace will typically cost $1,600–$9,700.

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1. Furnace

A forced-air furnace heats the home by burning fuel—natural gas, propane, or oil—to heat a metal heat exchanger. The heat transfers to the surrounding air, and a fan blows the heated air throughout the home via ducts and vents. Some furnaces use electricity instead of fuel or as a backup source.

Furnace Pros and Cons

Pros

Cons

2. Boiler

Traditional boilers, radiators, and baseboard heaters are radiant or hydronic heating systems. They heat water in a central boiler using natural gas, propane, fuel oil, or electricity. These systems are most common in places with long, harsh winters. The heated water or steam goes through a network of pipes to radiators or baseboard heaters throughout the house. When the water within the radiator heats up, the air heats up through a process called convection.

The hot air circulates through the room by displacing cold air, and the water returns to the boiler to be reheated.

Boiler Pros and Cons

Pros

Cons

3. Heat Pump

Heat pumps use electricity and refrigerant to collect heat from the air, water, or ground (depending on the type) and deliver it to your home. Heat pumps work in reverse in summer by transferring the home’s heat out.

In cold months, the heat pump collects air from outdoors and blows or pumps it over a heat exchange surface, causing a refrigerant liquid to evaporate. This gas moves to a compressor, which increases the pressure and causes its temperature to rise. The heated gas is then passed over the internal heat exchanger’s surface. A fan pushes heat either directly into the room from the indoor unit or through the ductwork to warm the house.

There are three main heat pump types:

Air-to-air heat pumps: Air-source heat pumps, which use ambient air as the heat source, are the most common type. They work best in moderate climates.
Geothermal: Geothermal heat pumps use underground loops to extract heat from the ground, which stays at a constant temperature year-round. They are more efficient than air-to-air heat pumps, especially in cold climates. However, they are also more expensive to install.
Water-source heat pumps: Water-source heat pumps rely on a nearby water source rather than pulling heat from the ground or air. They are less common than other types but can be a good choice in areas with consistent water temperatues.

Heat pumps work with ductwork or as a mini-split, ductless system. While some heat pumps operate independently, others may require a supplemental heating system in colder climates. You can learn more about the different types of heat pumps and how they work in this video with building technology professional Ross Tretheway:

Heat Pump Pros and Cons

Pros

Cons

4. In-Floor Radiant Heating

In-floor radiant heating systems—both electric and hydronic—use thermal radiation and electromagnetic waves to heat your home. Electric wires or water-filled tubes are installed underneath the flooring and warm a room by directly heating the floor instead of the air. Hydronic in-floor heating uses a boiler system and a variety of fuel sources, such as natural gas, oil, wood, solar, or some type of combination.

This effect is called radiant heat transfer, the same thing you feel when heating your hands over a warm oven or going outside to feel warm sun on your skin.

In-Floor Radiant Heating Pros and Cons

Pros

Cons

5. Wood Heating

If you enjoy collecting and stacking your own wood, consider wood burning for house heat. This is done with an outdoor wood furnace or boiler, a wood stove or pellet stove, or a masonry heater. Wood is generally cheaper than other fuel sources, and you can save even more by cutting your own firewood.

Due to the pollutants associated with wood burning, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) implemented regulations to limit smoke emissions from wood-burning room heaters. As a result, improved wood heater technology is now available. For example, pellet stoves use compressed pellets, made from wood or other organic material, for fuel and are typically clean-burning and more efficient than wood stoves.

Wood Heating Pros and Cons

Pros

Cons

6. Active Solar Heating

Active solar heating uses solar energy to heat liquid or air, then transfers solar heat directly inside the home or to storage for later use. If solar energy isn’t enough to heat the home, a backup home heating system can help. Liquid systems are often used when there’s a solar heating storage system. However, both liquid and air active solar heating systems can supplement forced-air systems.

Active Solar Heating Pros and Cons

Pros

Cons

7. Hybrid Heating

A hybrid heating system combines an electric heat pump with a gas-powered furnace. This combination maximizes energy savings and system performance. The heat pump heats the home when outdoor temperatures are moderate. You can program your thermostat to automatically switch over to the gas furnace when temperatures drop below 40 degrees Fahrenheit.

Hybrid Heating Pros and Cons

Pros

Cons

New Heating System Costs

The amount you spend on a new heating system depends on your chosen setup, the type of heating system you choose, and the size and layout of your home. Prices also vary by brand, efficiency rating, and location. We’ve listed the average price range* for the most common home heating systems below:

Active solar heating: $18,000–$39,000
Air-source heat pump: $4,500–$8,000
Boiler: $3,700–$8,300
Electric furnace: $1,700–$7,100
Gas furnace: $3,800–$10,000
Geothermal heat pump: $4,450–$24,450
Hybrid heating system: $2,500–$10,000
In-floor radiant heating: $1,700–$6,000
Oil furnace: $3,800–$10,000
Wood boiler: $7,000–$16,000

As you compare costs, be sure to factor in the effect different heating systems will have on your monthly budget. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, heating costs make up about 29% of your energy bill. What you pay comes down to three main factors:

Home insulation: A tightly sealed, well-insulated home traps heat better, reducing the energy needed to keep your home warm.
Fuel costs: The type of fuel and its market price directly impact heating costs. For instance, heating oil tends to be a more expensive option than natural gas.
Efficiency ratings: Home heating systems are assigned an efficiency rating based on one of three formulas: annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE), heating season performance factor (HSPF), or coefficient of performance (COP). More efficient systems use less fuel to produce the same amount of heat, which translates into lower energy bills.

Location and climate can also greatly impact which options are available and how much different systems cost to run. For instance, natural gas tends to be cheaper than heating oil but is not as readily available in New England.

*Cost data sourced from Angi.

How To Maintain Your Heating System

Most issues that can affect your heating system aren’t noticed until it’s too late—and always at the worst time. Preventive HVAC maintenance allows you to deal with potential problems before they become larger issues and costs less than emergency HVAC repair. In the video below, heating expert Richard Trethewey explains the importance of maintaining your heating system, especially if you have a furnace:

Maintenance requirements vary depending on your home’s heating system type. Forced-air systems have filters that need replacement at least twice a year to ensure the system runs efficiently. Luckily, this is an easy do-it-yourself (DIY) job for most homeowners. Most heating systems should be annually inspected, cleaned, and serviced by a professional. A licensed HVAC technician should check your heating system in the fall and air conditioner in the spring. You can expect to pay $75–$200 for an annual tune-up.

Our Conclusion

A heating system is a big investment—and one you’ll be living with for the next 25 years. It’s important to compare different types of heating systems to see which best meets your needs and is most compatible with your home. Before purchasing a new system, we recommend consulting at least three different HVAC installation professionals for a customized recommendation and quote.

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FAQ About Types of Heating Systems

What type of heating system do most homes have?

Most homes have a forced-air furnace, boiler, or heat pump. Furnaces are an affordable, reliable, and efficient home heating solution for moderate climates, while boilers are more common in older homes and colder climates. Heat pumps have also been gaining popularity in moderate climates.

What heating system is most efficient?

The most energy-efficient heating system is the geothermal heat pump. In colder months, the heat pump transfers heat to your house from the ground, which stays warmer than the air. However, geothermal systems have a higher upfront cost than other options.

What is the best heating system for a house?

The best heating system for a house depends on several factors, including climate, fuel availability, budget, and existing setup. For instance, heat pumps excel in moderate climates, while high-efficiency gas furnaces may be more cost-effective in colder climates. If you already have ductwork, sticking with a forced-air system might make more sense than switching to a ductless mini-split or radiant heating system.

To share feedback or ask a question about this article, send a note to our Reviews Team at reviews@thisoldhousereviews.com.

Maximizing Comfort and Efficiency: The Ultimate Guide to Furnace and Air Conditioner Combo’s

Choosing a heating and cooling system is paramount in the quest for a comfortable and energy-efficient home. A furnace and air conditioner combo represent more than just home appliances; they are the cornerstone of your home's comfort and a significant factor in managing energy costs. As seasons change, the need for a reliable and efficient system becomes increasingly evident. The right furnace and air conditioner combo package can transform your living space into an oasis of comfort, irrespective of the weather outside.

The impact of choosing a furnace and AC system extends beyond just physical comfort. Economically, it's a decision reflected in every utility bill. A well-chosen system ensures efficient energy use, translating into lower utility bills without compromising on comfort. Moreover, modern systems are designed to focus on maintaining temperature and improving air quality, contributing to a healthier living environment.

This blog serves as your comprehensive guide to understanding furnace and air conditioner combo. You'll learn how to navigate the various options available, evaluate what best suits your home, and understand the long-term benefits of your investment. From understanding energy efficiency ratings to exploring the latest trends in HVAC technology, this guide aims to equip you with the knowledge to make an informed decision, ensuring your home is a haven of comfort and efficiency all year round.

Understanding Furnace and Air Conditioner Choices

At its core, a furnace and air conditioner system is an integrated heating and cooling solution designed to provide a comprehensive approach to indoor climate control. These packages typically include a furnace that provides heat during colder months and an air conditioner that cools your home during warmer seasons. Your selected system is engineered to work together, often resulting in higher efficiency and a more seamless user experience.

Split systems, the most common type, are, as the name suggests, individual units installed separately – a furnace in one location (usually indoors, like a basement or a utility closet) and an air conditioning unit or condenser located outside.

When exploring the market, you'll encounter various types of furnace and air conditioner options, each catering to different needs and preferences. The most common types include:

Gas-Electric Systems: These are the most traditional types, featuring a gas furnace for heating and an electric air conditioner for cooling. They are known for their efficiency and are suitable for areas with mild to harsh winters.
Heat Pump Systems: Heat pumps offer both heating and cooling but work differently than traditional gas-electric systems. They are ideal for mild to cold climates and are known for their energy efficiency.
Dual-Fuel or Hybrid Systems: These systems combine a gas furnace with an electric heat pump. They adapt to varying temperatures and switch between gas and electric modes for optimal energy use, offering a versatile and cost-effective solution.

Understanding the differences and advantages of each system type is crucial in determining the best fit for your home. The choice ultimately depends on your region's climate, your home's layout, and your personal preferences regarding energy efficiency and environmental impact.

What to Look for in a Furnace A/C Combo System

Choosing a system for your home's heating and cooling needs brings with it a host of advantages, including improved efficiency, space-saving design, and ease of installation and maintenance.

Efficiency of Combined Systems:

These systems are engineered to provide optimal performance with less energy consumption. Since both heating and cooling components are designed to work in tandem, they are designed for the best overall comfort and energy efficiency. This is particularly true with the latest models built to meet rigorous energy efficiency standards.

Advanced features like variable speed fans and modulating burners allow these systems to operate at the precise level needed for current weather conditions, reducing energy waste. This synergy enhances the overall performance and translates to significant savings on your energy bills and a smaller carbon footprint.

How to Choose the Right System for Your Home

Selecting the ideal furnace and air conditioner combo requires careful consideration of several factors. Understanding the specifics of your home, the local climate, energy efficiency ratings, and the type of fuel used is crucial in making an informed decision.

Home Size and Climate Considerations:

The size of your home plays a pivotal role in choosing the right system. A unit that's too small will struggle to maintain comfortable temperatures, while an overly large system can lead to unnecessary energy expenditure and uneven temperature distribution.

Climate is another critical factor. Homes in regions with extreme winters may require a robust heating system, whereas those in warmer climates might prioritize efficient cooling.

Understanding Energy Efficiency Ratings:

Energy efficiency is a key aspect of any HVAC system. The efficiency of a furnace is measured by the Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) rating, which indicates the percentage of fuel converted into heat. A higher AFUE rating means greater efficiency. For air conditioners and heat pumps, the Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER2) and Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) are the relevant metrics.

SEER2 measures cooling efficiency, with higher numbers indicating better performance. HSPF, on the other hand, rates the heating efficiency of heat pumps. Selecting a system with high AFUE, SEER, and HSPF ratings is crucial for reducing energy consumption and lowering utility bills.

The Importance of Professional Sizing and Assessment:

Professional assessment is vital to ensure that the system you choose is perfectly tailored to your home. To determine the most suitable system, HVAC experts consider various factors, including home size, insulation levels, window placement, and even the number of occupants. This precise sizing prevents the common pitfalls of overworking a small unit or wasting energy with a system that's too large.

Comparing Fuel Types:

Each fuel type has its own set of pros and cons:

Gas Systems: Gas furnaces are known for their efficiency and effectiveness, especially in colder climates. They heat up quickly and are cost-effective in areas with low natural gas prices. However, they require a gas line and regular maintenance for safety.
Electric Systems: Electric heat pumps and furnaces are safer and easier to install than gas systems. They are environmentally friendly and have lower upfront costs. However, they might not be as efficient in extremely cold climates and can lead to higher utility bills where electricity prices are steep.
Hybrid Systems: Hybrid or dual-fuel systems combine the best of both worlds. They use a heat pump for moderate temperatures and switch to gas when it gets very cold. This adaptability ensures efficient energy use but can come with higher installation and maintenance costs.

Energy Efficiency and Cost Savings

Navigating the world of HVAC systems often leads to a key concern: energy efficiency. Understanding energy efficiency ratings and how they translate into cost savings is essential for homeowners looking to optimize their investments.

Understanding Energy Efficiency Ratings:

Three ratings primarily gauge energy efficiency in HVAC systems: AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency) for furnaces, SEER2 (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) for air conditioners, and HSPF (Heating Seasonal Performance Factor) for heat pumps.

AFUE: This rating measures the percentage of fuel converted into heat. For example, an AFUE of 90% means that 90% of the fuel is used for heating while the remaining 10% is lost. Modern, high-efficiency furnaces can have AFUE ratings as high as 98.5%, meaning very little energy is wasted.
SEER2: This rating indicates the cooling efficiency of an air conditioner over a typical cooling season, divided by the energy it consumes in Watt-Hours. SEER2 ratings for modern systems typically range from 14 to 25. A higher SEER2 rating denotes greater efficiency and lower operational costs.
HSPF: This applies to heat pumps and measures the heating efficiency. Like SEER, a higher HSPF rating signifies better efficiency.

Cost Savings with Higher Efficiency:

Investing in a high-efficiency HVAC system might have a higher upfront cost but can lead to significant savings over time. These systems use less energy to maintain comfortable temperatures in your home, lowering monthly utility bills. Additionally, efficient systems often have a longer lifespan and may require fewer repairs, further reducing long-term costs.

Tax Credits and Rebates:

Many governments and utility companies offer tax credits and rebates for installing high-efficiency HVAC systems to encourage energy conservation. These incentives can offset the initial purchase and installation costs.

For example, in the United States, the federal government offers tax credits under various acts for homeowners who install energy-efficient systems. Additionally, local governments and utility companies might have their own rebate programs. Researching and taking advantage of these incentives is advisable to maximize your investment.

Installation and Maintenance Tips

Proper installation and regular maintenance are key to maximizing the efficiency and longevity of your furnace and air conditioner package. These steps ensure that your system operates at its peak, providing optimal comfort and energy efficiency.

The Importance of Professional Installation:

Professional installation is crucial for several reasons. First, HVAC systems are complex and require a skilled technician to ensure they are installed correctly. Improper installation can lead to reduced efficiency, frequent breakdowns, and even safety hazards.

Professionals have the expertise to handle the installation's electrical, ductwork, and ventilation aspects. They also ensure the system complies with local building codes and manufacturer specifications. Moreover, many manufacturers require professional installation as a condition of their warranty.

Regular Maintenance Tips:

Regular maintenance is essential to keep your HVAC system running smoothly. Some tips for maintaining your system include:

Changing Air Filters Regularly: Dirty filters restrict airflow and reduce efficiency. Check filters monthly and replace them at least every three months.
Keeping Vents and Registers Clear: Ensure that furniture or drapes do not block air vents to maintain consistent airflow.
Checking Thermostat Settings: Make sure your thermostat functions correctly and set it for optimal efficiency and comfort.
Inspecting Outdoor Units: Keep the area around outdoor units clear of debris, leaves, and other obstructions.
Listening for Unusual Noises: Strange sounds can indicate a problem that needs attention.

Scheduling Professional Maintenance:

While some maintenance tasks can be performed by homeowners, professional servicing is recommended at least once a year. For a furnace and air conditioner package, it's best to schedule these check-ups in the spring for the air conditioner and in the fall for the furnace.

Professional technicians will conduct thorough inspections, clean internal components, check freon levels, test system controls, and identify any issues that could lead to major repairs down the line. This proactive approach ensures your system operates efficiently, extends lifespan, and prevents costly breakdowns.

Latest Trends and Innovations in HVAC Systems

The HVAC industry continually evolves, embracing new technologies and trends to enhance efficiency, comfort, and user control. Staying informed about these advancements can help you make a more informed decision when upgrading your system.

New Technologies and Features:

Recent innovations in HVAC systems include variable-speed technology and advanced inverter compressor designs. These allow systems to adjust cooling and heating output in small increments, leading to remarkable efficiency and consistent indoor temperatures. Another significant advancement is the integration of solar power, which reduces dependency on traditional energy sources and lowers utility bills.

Smart Home Integration and IoT:

The integration of smart technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized HVAC systems. Smart thermostats can learn your schedule and preferences, automatically adjusting settings for optimal comfort and efficiency. Remote control via smartphones allows users to adjust settings from anywhere, ensuring their home is always at the desired temperature. IoT also enables predictive maintenance, where systems can alert homeowners and technicians about potential issues before they become major problems.

Future Trends:

Looking ahead, the focus is on eco-friendly and energy-efficient solutions. Expect to see further advances in green technology, like geothermal heat pumps and systems using renewable energy sources. Air quality is another area of increasing focus, with systems offering enhanced filtration and purification to promote a healthier living environment. AI and machine learning are expected to play a bigger role in predictive analytics, making HVAC systems even smarter and more efficient.

Conclusion

In summary, this guide has navigated the essential aspects of selecting the right furnace and air conditioner package, highlighting the importance of understanding system types, efficiency ratings, and the benefits of furnace and AC systems. We've underscored the need to consider home size, climate, and fuel types and emphasized the value of professional installation and regular maintenance. The latest trends and innovations in HVAC technology were also explored, showcasing the future direction of home climate control.

Choosing the right HVAC system is a decision that profoundly affects your home's comfort and efficiency. Considering the long-term savings on energy bills, it's an investment in your living environment and financial future. Given the complexity and variety of options, consulting with a professional HVAC technician can provide personalized advice, ensuring your final choice perfectly suits your needs and circumstances. This approach guarantees a comfortable, energy-efficient home for years to come.

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